Friday, November 23, 2007

Mukesh Ambani



Date Of Birth:
April 19, 1957

Birth Place: Aden, Yemen

Profession: Chairman, Managing Director and the largest shareholder of Reliance Industries

Education:
Mukesh Ambani holds a Bachelor of Chemical Engineering from the University Department of Chemical Technology (UDCT), which is currently known as University of Mumbai, Institute of Chemical Technology (UICT). He began the MBA program at Stanford Business School, but dropped out after his first year in order to assist in his father's ongoing efforts to build the Patalganga petrochemical Plant.

Career:
Mukesh Ambani joined Reliance in 1981 and initiated Reliance's backward integration from textiles into polyester fibres and further into petrochemicals, petroleum refining and oil and gas exploration and production. In this process, he directed the creation of several new world- class manufacturing facilities involving diverse technologies that have raised Reliance's petrochemicals manufacturing capacities from less than a million tonnes to thirteen million tonnes per year.

Mukesh Ambani directed and led the creation of the world's largest grassroots petroleum refinery at Jamnagar, India, with a current capacity of 660,000 barrels per day (33 million tonnes per year) integrated with petrochemicals, power generation, port and related infrastructure, at an investment of Rs. 25,000 crore (nearly US$ 6 billion).

Mukesh Ambani set up the largest and most complex information and communications technology initiative in the world in the form of Reliance Infocomm Limited (now Reliance Communications Limited). Covering more than 1,100 towns and cities across India, Reliance Infocomm offers the full range of voice, data, video and value added services, on the strength of 80,000 kilometres of optic fibre-based terabit infrastructure, at the lowest entry cost and service cost anywhere in the world.

Mukesh Ambani is also steering Reliance's initiatives in a world scale, offshore, deep water oil and gas exploration and production program and implementation of a pan- India organized retail network spanning multiple formats and supply chain infrastructure.

Ambani's achievements include:

  • Bestowed the US-India Business Council (USIBC) 'Global Vision' 2007 Award for Leadership in 2007

  • Invited to be a member of the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD). He is the only Indian CEO to be a Council Member of WBCSD.

  • Conferred 'ET Business Leader of the Year' Award by The Economic Times (India) in the year 2006.

  • Received the first NDTV-Profit 'Global Indian Leader Award' from Hon'ble Prime Minister of India, Shri Manmohan Singh in New Delhi in the year 2006.

  • Had the distinction and honour of being the co- chair at the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2006 in Davos, Switzerland.

  • Ranked 42nd among the 'World's Most Respected Business Leaders' and second among the four Indian CEOs featured in a survey conducted by Pricewaterhouse Coopers and published in Financial Times, London, November, 2004.

  • Conferred the World Communication Award for the 'Most Influential Person in Telecommunications in 2004' by Total Telecom, October, 2004.

  • Conferred the 'Asia Society Leadership Award' by the Asia Society, Washington D.C., USA, May, 2004.

Mukesh Ambani is the Chairman of Reliance Petroleum Limited and Reliance Retail Limited and a Director of Reliance Europe Limited and Pratham India Education Initiative. He is the Chairman of the Finance Committee, a member of the Shareholders'/ Investors' Grievance Committee and the Employees Stock Compensation Committee of the Company.

Mukesh Ambani is a member of the Prime Minister's Council on Trade and Industry, Government of India; Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) Society, India; Board of Governors of the National Council of Applied Economic Research, New Delhi and the Advisory Council of the Indian Banks' Association. He is a member of the Indo-US CEOs Forum, the International Advisory Board of Citigroup, and McKinsey Advisory Council.

He is the Chairman, Board of Governors of the Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore and a member of the IIT Bombay Advisory Council of the Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai. He is also a member of the Advisory Council for the Graduate School of Business of the Stanford University.



Adolf Hitler

Founder and leader of the Nazi Party, Reich Chancellor and guiding spirit of the Third Reich from 1933 to 1945, Head of State and Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces, Adolf Hitler was born in Braunau am Inn, Austria, on 20 April 1889. The son of a fifty-two-year-old Austrian customs official, Alois Schickelgruber Hitler, and his third wife, a young peasant girl, Klara Poelzl, both from the backwoods of lower Austria, the young Hitler was a resentful, discontented child. Moody, lazy, of unstable temperament, he was deeply hostile towards his strict, authoritarian father and strongly attached to his indulgent, hard-working mother, whose death from cancer in December 1908 was a shattering blow to the adolescent Hitler.

After spending four years in the Realschule in Linz, he left school at the age of sixteen with dreams of becoming a painter. In October 1907, the provincial, middle-class boy left home for Vienna, where he was to remain until 1913 leading a bohemian, vagabond existence. Embittered at his rejection by the Viennese Academy of Fine Arts, he was to spend "five years of misery and woe" in Vienna as he later recalled, adopting a view of life which changed very little in the ensuing years, shaped as it was by a pathological hatred of Jews and Marxists, liberalism and the cosmopolitan Habsburg monarchy.

Existing from hand to mouth on occasional odd jobs and the hawking of sketches in low taverns, the young Hitler compensated for the frustrations of a lonely bachelor's life in miserable male hostels by political harangues in cheap cafes to anyone who would listen and indulging in grandiose dreams of a Greater Germany.

In Vienna he acquired his first education in politics by studying the demagogic techniques of the popular Christian-social Mayor, Karl Lueger, and picked up the stereotyped, obsessive anti-Semitism with its brutal, violent sexual connotations and concern with the "purity of blood" that remained with him to the end of his career. From crackpot racial theorists like the defrocked monk, Lanz von Liebenfels, and the Austrian Pan-German leader, Georg von Schoenerer, the young Hitler learned to discern in the "Eternal Jew" the symbol and cause of all chaos, corruption and destruction in culture, politics and the economy. The press, prostitution, syphilis, capitalism, Marxism, democracy and pacifism--all were so many means which "the Jew" exploited in his conspiracy to undermine the German nation and the purity of the creative Aryan race.

In May 1913 Hitler left Vienna for Munich and, when war broke out in August 1914, he joined the Sixteenth Bavarian Infantry Regiment, serving as a despatch runner. Hitler proved an able, courageous soldier, receiving the Iron Cross (First Class) for bravery, but did not rise above the rank of Lance Corporal. Twice wounded, he was badly gassed four weeks before the end of the war and spent three months recuperating in a hospital in Pomerania. Temporarily blinded and driven to impotent rage by the abortive November 1918 revolution in Germany as well as the military defeat, Hitler, once restored, was convinced that fate had chosen him to rescue a humiliated nation from the shackles of the Versailles Treaty, from Bolsheviks and Jews.

Assigned by the Reichswehr in the summer of 1919 to "educational" duties which consisted largely of spying on political parties in the overheated atmosphere of post-revolutionary Munich, Hitler was sent to investigate a small nationalistic group of idealists, the German Workers' Party. On 16 September 1919 he entered the Party (which had approximately forty members), soon changed its name to the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP) and had imposed himself as its Chairman by July 1921.

Hitler discovered a powerful talent for oratory as well as giving the new Party its symbol — the swastika — and its greeting "Heil!." His hoarse, grating voice, for all the bombastic, humourless, histrionic content of his speeches, dominated audiences by dint of his tone of impassioned conviction and gift for self-dramatization. By November 1921 Hitler was recognized as Fuhrer of a movement which had 3,000 members, and boosted his personal power by organizing strong- arm squads to keep order at his meetings and break up those of his opponents. Out of these squads grew the storm troopers (SA) organized by Captain Ernst Röhm and Hitler's black-shirted personal bodyguard, the Schutzstaffel (SS).

Hitler focused his propaganda against the Versailles Treaty, the "November criminals," the Marxists and the visible, internal enemy No. 1, the "Jew," who was responsible for all Germany's domestic problems. In the twenty-five-point programme of the NSDAP announced on 24 February 1920, the exclusion of the Jews from the Volk community, the myth of Aryan race supremacy and extreme nationalism were combined with "socialistic" ideas of profit-sharing and nationalization inspired by ideologues like Gottfried Feder. Hitler's first written utterance on political questions dating from this period emphasized that what he called "the anti-Semitism of reason" must lead "to the systematic combating and elimination of Jewish privileges. Its ultimate goal must implacably be the total removal of the Jews."

By November 1923 Hitler was convinced that the Weimar Republic was on the verge of collapse and, together with General Ludendorff and local nationalist groups, sought to overthrow the Bavarian government in Munich. Bursting into a beer-hall in Munich and firing his pistol into the ceiling, he shouted out that he was heading a new provisional government which would carry through a revolution against "Red Berlin." Hitler and Ludendorff then marched through Munich at the head of 3,000 men, only to be met by police fire which left sixteen dead and brought the attempted putsch to an ignominious end. Hitler was arrested and tried on 26 February 1924, succeeding in turning the tables on his accusers with a confident, propagandist speech which ended with the prophecy: "Pronounce us guilty a thousand times over: the goddess of the eternal court of history will smile and tear to pieces the State Prosecutor's submission and the court's verdict for she acquits us." Sentenced to five years' imprisonment in Landsberg fortress, Hitler was released after only nine months during which he dictated Mein Kampf (My Struggle) to his loyal follower, Rudolf Hess. Subsequently the "bible" of the Nazi Party, this crude, half-baked hotchpotch of primitive Social Darwinism, racial myth, anti-Semitism and lebensraum fantasy had sold over five million copies by 1939 and been translated into eleven languages.

The failure of the Beer-Hall putsch and his period of imprisonment transformed Hitler from an incompetent adventurer into a shrewd political tactician, who henceforth decided that he would never again confront the gun barrels of army and police until they were under his command. He concluded that the road to power lay not through force alone but through legal subversion of the Weimar Constitution, the building of a mass movement and the combination of parliamentary strength with extra-parliamentary street terror and intimidation. Helped by Goering and Goebbels he began to reassemble his followers and rebuild the movement which had disintegrated in his absence.

In January 1925 the ban on the Nazi Party was removed and Hitler regained permission to speak in public. Outmaneuvering the "socialist" North German wing of the Party under Gregor Strasser, Hitler re-established himself in 1926 as the ultimate arbiter to whom all factions appealed in an ideologically and socially heterogeneous movement. Avoiding rigid, programmatic definitions of National Socialism which would have undermined the charismatic nature of his legitimacy and his claim to absolute leadership, Hitler succeeded in extending his appeal beyond Bavaria and attracting both Right and Left to his movement.

Though the Nazi Party won only twelve seats in the 1928 elections, the onset of the Great Depression with its devastating effects on the middle classes helped Hitler to win over all those strata in German society who felt their economic existence was threatened. In addition to peasants, artisans, craftsmen, traders, small businessmen, ex-officers, students and declasse intellectuals, the Nazis in 1929 began to win over the big industrialists, nationalist conservatives and army circles. With the backing of the press tycoon, Alfred Hugenberg, Hitler received a tremendous nationwide exposure just as the effects of the world economic crisis hit Germany, producing mass unemployment, social dissolution, fear and indignation. With demagogic virtuosity, Hitler played on national resentments, feelings of revolt and the desire for strong leadership using all the most modern techniques of mass persuasion to present himself as Germany's redeemer and messianic saviour.

In the 1930 elections the Nazi vote jumped dramatically from 810,000 to 6,409,000 (18.3 percent of the total vote) and they received 107 seats in the Reichstag. Prompted by Hjalmar Schacht and Fritz Thyssen, the great industrial magnates began to contribute liberally to the coffers of the NSDAP, reassured by Hitler's performance before the Industrial Club in Dusseldorf on 27 January 1932 that they had nothing to fear from the radicals in the Party. The following month Hitler officially acquired German citizenship and decided to run for the Presidency, receiving 13,418,011 votes in the run-off elections of 10 April 1931 as against 19,359,650 votes for the victorious von Hindenburg , but four times the vote for the communist candidate, Ernst Thaelmann. In the Reichstag elections of July 1932 the Nazis emerged as the largest political party in Germany, obtaining nearly fourteen million votes (37.3 per cent) and 230 seats. Although the NSDAP fell back in November 1932 to eleven million votes (196 seats), Hitler was helped to power by a camarilla of conservative politicians led by Franz von Papen, who persuaded the reluctant von Hindenburg to nominate "the Bohemian corporal" as Reich Chancellor on 30 January 1933.

Once in the saddle, Hitler moved with great speed to outmanoeuvre his rivals, virtually ousting the conservatives from any real participation in government by July 1933, abolishing the free trade unions, eliminating the communists, Social Democrats and Jews from any role in political life and sweeping opponents into concentration camps. The Reichstag fire of 27 February 1933 had provided him with the perfect pretext to begin consolidating the foundations of a totalitarian one-party State, and special "enabling laws" were ramrodded through the Reichstag to legalize the regime's intimidatory tactics.

With support from the nationalists, Hitler gained a majority at the last "democratic" elections held in Germany on 5 March 1933 and with cynical skill he used the whole gamut of persuasion, propaganda, terror and intimidation to secure his hold on power. The seductive notions of "National Awakening" and a "Legal Revolution" helped paralyse potential opposition and disguise the reality of autocratic power behind a facade of traditional institutions.

The destruction of the radical SA leadership under Ernst Rohm in the Blood Purge of June 1934 confirmed Hitler as undisputed dictator of the Third Reich and by the beginning of August, when he united the positions of Fuhrer and Chancellor on the death of von Hindenburg, he had all the powers of State in his hands. Avoiding any institutionalization of authority and status which could challenge his own undisputed position as supreme arbiter, Hitler allowed subordinates like Himmler, Goering and Goebbels to mark out their own domains of arbitrary power while multiplying and duplicating offices to a bewildering degree.

During the next four years Hitler enjoyed a dazzling string of domestic and international successes, outwitting rival political leaders abroad just as he had defeated his opposition at home. In 1935 he abandoned the Versailles Treaty and began to build up the army by conscripting five times its permitted number. He persuaded Great Britain to allow an increase in the naval building programme and in March 1936 he occupied the demilitarized Rhineland without meeting opposition. He began building up the Luftwaffe and supplied military aid to Francoist forces in Spain, which brought about the Spanish fascist victory in 1939.

The German rearmament programme led to full employment and an unrestrained expansion of production, which reinforced by his foreign policy successes--the Rome-Berlin pact of 1936, the Anschluss with Austria and the "liberation" of the Sudeten Germans in 1938 — brought Hitler to the zenith of his popularity. In February 1938 he dismissed sixteen senior generals and took personal command of the armed forces, thus ensuring that he would be able to implement his aggressive designs.

Hitler's saber-rattling tactics bludgeoned the British and French into the humiliating Munich agreement of 1938 and the eventual dismantlement of the Czechoslovakian State in March 1939. The concentration camps, the Nuremberg racial laws against the Jews, the persecution of the churches and political dissidents were forgotten by many Germans in the euphoria of Hitler's territorial expansion and bloodless victories. The next designated target for Hitler's ambitions was Poland (her independence guaranteed by Britain and France) and, to avoid a two-front war, the Nazi dictator signed a pact of friendship and non-aggression with Soviet Russia. On 1 September 1939 German armies invaded Poland and henceforth his main energies were devoted to the conduct of a war he had unleashed to dominate Europe and secure Germany's "living space."

The first phase of World War II was dominated by German Blitzkrieg tactics: sudden shock attacks against airfields, communications, military installations, using fast mobile armor and infantry to follow up on the first wave of bomber and fighter aircraft. Poland was overrun in less than one month, Denmark and Norway in two months, Holland, Belgium, Luxemburg and France in six weeks. After the fall of France in June 1940 only Great Britain stood firm.

The Battle of Britain, in which the Royal Air Force prevented the Luftwaffe from securing aerial control over the English Channel, was Hitler's first setback, causing the planned invasion of the British Isles to be postponed. Hitler turned to the Balkans and North Africa where his Italian allies had suffered defeats, his armies rapidly overrunning Greece, Yugoslavia, the island of Crete and driving the British from Cyrenaica.

The crucial decision of his career, the invasion of Soviet Russia on June 22, 1941, was rationalized by the idea that its destruction would prevent Great Britain from continuing the war with any prospect of success. He was convinced that once he kicked the door in, as he told Jodl (q.v.), "the whole rotten edifice [of communist rule] will come tumbling down" and the campaign would be over in six weeks. The war against Russia was to be an anti-Bolshivek crusade, a war of annihilation in which the fate of European Jewry would finally be sealed. At the end of January 1939 Hitler had prophesied that "if the international financial Jewry within and outside Europe should succeed once more in dragging the nations into a war, the result will be, not the Bolshevization of the world and thereby the victory of Jewry, but the annihilation of the Jewish race in Europe."

As the war widened — the United States by the end of 1941 had entered the struggle against the Axis powers — Hitler identified the totality of Germany's enemies with "international Jewry," who supposedly stood behind the British-American-Soviet alliance. The policy of forced emigration had manifestly failed to remove the Jews from Germany's expanded lebensraum, increasing their numbers under German rule as the Wehrmacht moved East.

The widening of the conflict into a world war by the end of 1941, the refusal of the British to accept Germany's right to continental European hegemony (which Hitler attributed to "Jewish" influence) and to agree to his "peace" terms, the racial-ideological nature of the assault on Soviet Russia, finally drove Hitler to implement the "Final Solution of the Jewish Question" which had been under consideration since 1939. The measures already taken in those regions of Poland annexed to the Reich against Jews (and Poles) indicated the genocidal implications of Nazi-style "Germanization" policies. The invasion of Soviet Russia was to set the seal on Hitler's notion of territorial conquest in the East, which was inextricably linked with annihilating the 'biological roots of Bolshevism' and hence with the liquidation of all Jews under German rule.

At first the German armies carried all before them, overrunning vast territories, overwhelming the Red Army, encircling Leningrad and reaching within striking distance of Moscow. Within a few months of the invasion Hitler's armies had extended the Third Reich from the Atlantic to the Caucasus, from the Baltic to the Black Sea. But the Soviet Union did not collapse as expected and Hitler, instead of concentrating his attack on Moscow, ordered a pincer movement around Kiev to seize the Ukraine, increasingly procrastinating and changing his mind about objectives. Underestimating the depth of military reserves on which the Russians could call, the caliber of their generals and the resilient, fighting spirit of the Russian people (whom he dismissed as inferior peasants), Hitler prematurely proclaimed in October 1941 that the Soviet Union had been "struck down and would never rise again." In reality he had overlooked the pitiless Russian winter to which his own troops were now condemned and which forced the Wehrmacht to abandon the highly mobile warfare which had previously brought such spectacular successes.

The disaster before Moscow in December 1941 led him to dismiss his Commander-in-Chief von Brauchitsch, and many other key commanders who sought permission for tactical withdrawals, including Guderian, Bock, Hoepner, von Rundstedt and Leeb, found themselves cashiered. Hitler now assumed personal control of all military operations, refusing to listen to advice, disregarding unpalatable facts and rejecting everything that did not fit into his preconceived picture of reality. His neglect of the Mediterranean theatre and the Middle East, the failure of the Italians, the entry of the United States into the war, and above all the stubborn determination of the Russians, pushed Hitler on to the defensive. From the winter of 1941 the writing was on the wall but Hitler refused to countenance military defeat, believing that implacable will and the rigid refusal to abandon positions could make up for inferior resources and the lack of a sound overall strategy.

Convinced that his own General Staff was weak and indecisive, if not openly treacherous, Hitler became more prone to outbursts of blind, hysterical fury towards his generals, when he did not retreat into bouts of misanthropic brooding. His health, too, deteriorated under the impact of the drugs prescribed by his quack physician, Dr. Theodor Morell. Hitler's personal decline, symbolized by his increasingly rare public appearances and his self-enforced isolation in the "Wolf's Lair," his headquarters buried deep in the East Prussian forests, coincided with the visible signs of the coming German defeat which became apparent in mid-1942.

Rommel's defeat at El Alamein and the subsequent loss of North Africa to the Anglo-American forces were overshadowed by the disaster at Stalingrad where General von Paulus's Sixth Army was cut off and surrendered to the Russians in January 1943. In July 1943 the Allies captured Sicily and Mussolini's regime collapsed in Italy. In September the Italians signed an armistice and the Allies landed at Salerno, reaching Naples on 1 October and taking Rome on June 4, 1944. The Allied invasion of Normandy followed on June 6, 1944 and soon a million Allied troops were driving the German armies eastwards, while from the opposite direction the Soviet forces advanced relentlessly on the Reich. The total mobilization of the German war economy under Albert Speer and the energetic propaganda efforts of Joseph Goebbels to rouse the fighting spirit of the German people were impotent to change the fact that the Third Reich lacked the resources equal to a struggle against the world alliance which Hitler himself had provoked.

Allied bombing began to have a telling effect on German industrial production and to undermine the morale of the population. The generals, frustrated by Hitler's total refusal to trust them in the field and recognizing the inevitability of defeat, planned, together with the small anti-Nazi Resistance inside the Reich, to assassinate the Fuhrer on 20 July 1944, hoping to pave the way for a negotiated peace with the Allies that would save Germany from destruction. The plot failed and Hitler took implacable vengeance on the conspirators, watching with satisfaction a film of the grisly executions carried out on his orders.

As disaster came closer, Hitler buried himself in the unreal world of the Fuhrerbunker in Berlin, clutching at fantastic hopes that his "secret weapons," the V-1 and V-2 rockets, would yet turn the tide of war. He gestured wildly over maps, planned and directed attacks with non-existent armies and indulged in endless, night-long monologues which reflected his growing senility, misanthropy and contempt for the "cowardly failure" of the German people.

As the Red Army approached Berlin and the Anglo-Americans reached the Elbe, on 19 March 1945 Hitler ordered the destruction of what remained of German industry, communications and transport systems. He was resolved that, if he did not survive, Germany too should be destroyed. The same ruthless nihilism and passion for destruction which had led to the extermination of six million Jews in death camps, to the biological "cleansing" of the sub-human Slavs and other subject peoples in the New Order, was finally turned on his own people.

On April 29, 1945, he married his mistress Eva Braun and dictated his final political testament, concluding with the same monotonous, obsessive fixation that had guided his career from the beginning: "Above all I charge the leaders of the nation and those under them to scrupulous observance of the laws of race and to merciless opposition to the universal poisoner of all peoples, international Jewry."

The following day Hitler committed suicide, shooting himself through the mouth with a pistol. His body was carried into the garden of the Reich Chancellery by aides, covered with petrol and burned along with that of Eva Braun. This final, macabre act of self-destruction appropriately symbolized the career of a political leader whose main legacy to Europe was the ruin of its civilization and the senseless sacrifice of human life for the sake of power and his own commitment to the bestial nonsense of National Socialist race mythology. With his death nothing was left of the "Greater Germanic Reich," of the tyrannical power structure and ideological system which had devastated Europe during the twelve years of his totalitarian rule.

Source: www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org

Wednesday, November 21, 2007

Sachin Tendulkar



Sachin Ramesh Tendulkar pronunciation (Marathi: सिचन रमेश तेंडुलकर), (born 24 April 1973) affectionately called 'The Little Master', or 'The Master Blaster'[1][2] is a current Indian cricketer who was rated by Wisden in 2002 as the second greatest Test Cricket and ODI batsman of all time[3] after the legendary Sir Don Bradman and Viv Richards respectively. In 2003 the list was revised and Viv Richards was re-ranked at number 2 behind Sachin Tendulkar making Tendulkar the greatest ODI batsman of all time. Sir Donald Bradman as quoted in his biography "He was most taken in by Tendulkar's technique, compactness and his shot production and had asked his wife to have a look at the Indian as he felt that Tendulkar played like he had. Jessie agreed that they appeared similar. " He holds important batting records such as the leading Test century scorer, leading ODI century and half-century scorer, one of only three batsmen to surpass 11,000 runs in test cricket as well as being the first Indian to do so,[4] and the most career ODI runs and most overall career run tally.

Tendulkar made his international debut in 1989 and is an all-time crowd-favorite. He is the only Indian cricketer to receive the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna, India's highest sporting honour for his performance in 1997-1998. Many of his fellow players, past and present, and cricket experts, regard him as one of the greatest batsmen the game has ever seen.[5][6][7]

Personal life

Tendulkar was born in a Rajapur Saraswat Brahmins family in Bombay, now known as Mumbai. His father Ramesh, a Marathi novelist, named him after his favourite music director Sachin Dev Burman. He was encouraged to play cricket by his elder brother Ajit. He has 2 more siblings - brother Nitin and sister Savitai. Nitin's son Rohan, born in 1990, is also a cricketer, representing Mumbai in junior cricket tournaments.

In 1995, Sachin Tendulkar married Anjali (born 13 February 1971), the paediatrician daughter of Gujarati industrialist Anand Mehta. They have two children, Sara (born 12 October 1997) and Arjun (born 23 September 1999).[8]

Tendulkar sponsors 200 under-privileged children every year through Apnalaya, a Mumbai-based NGO associated with his mother-in-law, Annaben Mehta. He is reluctant to speak about this or other charitable activities, choosing to preserve the sanctity of his personal life despite media interest in him.

Career

Early days of cricket

He attended Sharadashram Vidyamandir high School where he began his cricketing career under the guidance of his coach and mentor Ramakant Achrekar. During his early days as a schoolboy cricketer he went to the MRF pace academy to train as a pace bowler but was sent back home. The man who turned him back was legendary fast bowler Dennis Lillee who told the young Tendulkar, 'Just focus on your batting'. This simple comment would result in the birth of one of the greatest batsmen of all time.

When Sachin was young, he would practice for hours on the ground with his coach. He would often get bored of practising. So his coach used to put a one-Rupee-coin on the top of the stumps. the bowler who dismissed Sachin would get the coin. If Sachin passed the whole session without getting dismissed, the coach would give him the coin. Sachin says even today that those 13 coins are his most prized possessions.

While at school, he was involved in unbroken 664-run partnership in a Harris Shield game in 1988 with friend and team mate Vinod Kambli, who also went on to represent India. The destructive pair reduced one bowler to tears and made the rest of the opposition unwilling to continue the game. Sachin scored over 320 in this innings and scored over a thousand runs in the tournament. This was the record partnership in any form of cricket, until 2006 when it was broken by two under-13 batsmen in a match held at Hyderabad in India. When he was 14 Indian batting maestro Sunil Gavaskar gave him a pair of his used ultra light pads. "It was the greatest source of encouragement for me," he said nearly 20 years later after passing Gavaskar's top world record of 34 Test centuries. Recently he surpassed the highest number of half centuries scores in ODI cricket held by Inzamam Ul Haq.

Domestic career

In 1988/1989, he scored 100 not-out in his first first-class match for Bombay against Gujarat. At 15 years and 232 days he is the youngest cricketer to score a century on his first-class debut.

Tendulkar is the only player to score a century while making his Ranji Trophy, Duleep Trophy and Irani Trophy debut.

International career

Tendulkar is ambidextrous, he bats, bowls and throws with his right hand, but prefers to write with his left hand. He also practices left-handed throws at the nets on a regular basis. Tendulkar played his first Test match against Pakistan in Karachi in 1989. He made just 15 runs, being bowled by Waqar Younis, who also made his debut in that match. Tendulkar followed it up with his maiden Test fifty a few days later at Faisalabad. His One-day International (ODI) debut on December 18 was disappointing. He was dismissed without scoring a run, again by Waqar Younis. The series was followed by a tour of New Zealand in which he fell for 88 in the Second Test. His maiden Test century came in next tour, to England in August 1990 at Old Trafford. Tendulkar further enhanced his development into a world-class batsman during the 1991–1992 tour of Australia that included an unbeaten 148 in Sydney (the first of many battles against Shane Warne who made his debut in the match) and a century on the fast and bouncy track at Perth. He has been Man of the Match 11 times in Test matches and Man of the Series twice, both times in the Border-Gavaskar Trophy against Australia.

Tendulkar's performance through the years 1994–1999, coincided with his physical peak, at age 20 through 25. Tendulkar was told to open the batting at Auckland against New Zealand in 1994.[9] He went on to make 82 runs off 49 balls. His first ODI century came on September 9, 1994 against Australia in Sri Lanka at Colombo. It had taken him 79 ODIs to score a century.

Tendulkar's rise continued when he was the leading run scorer at the 1996 Cricket World Cup, topping the batting averages whilst scoring two centuries.

This was the beginning of a period at the top of the batting world, culminating in the Australian tour of India in early 1998, scoring three consecutive centuries. These were characterised by a pre-meditated plan to target Australian spinners Shane Warne and Gavin Robertson, to whom he regularly charged down the pitch to drive over the infield. This technique worked as India beat Australia. Following the series Shane Warne ruefully joked that he was having nightmares about his Indian nemesis.[10]

Indian Captain Mohd. Azharuddin was going through a lean patch and India were playing against Pakistan in Sharjah 1996. Sachin and Navjot Siddhu hit 100's to set a record partnership for the second wicket. Sachin returned back after getting out and found Azhar in two minds to bat out. Sachin boosted Azhar to bat and Azhar unleashed 29 runs in mere 10 balls. It enabled India post a score in excess of 300 runs for the first time. India went on to win that match.

A chronic back problem flared up when Pakistan toured India in 1999, with India losing the historic Test at Chepauk despite a gritty century from Tendulkar himself. Worse was to come as Professor Ramesh Tendulkar, Tendulkar's father, died in the middle of the 1999 Cricket World Cup. Tendulkar flew back to India to attend the final rituals of his father, missing the match against Zimbabwe. However, he returned with a bang to the World cup scoring a century (unbeaten 140 off 101 balls) in his very next match against Kenya in Bristol. He dedicated this century to his father.[11]

Tendulkar, succeeding Mohammad Azharuddin as captain, then led India on a tour of Australia, where the visitors were comprehensively beaten 3-0[12] by the newly-crowned world champions. After another Test series defeat, this time by a 0-2 margin at home against South Africa, Tendulkar resigned, and Sourav Ganguly took over as captain in 2000.

Tendulkar made 673 runs in 11 matches in the 2003 World Cup, helping India reach the final. While Australia retained the trophy that they had won in 1999, Tendulkar was given the Man of the Series award. The drawn series as India toured Australia in 2003/04 saw Tendulkar making his mark in the last Test of the series, with a double century in Sydney, which was also the last test appearance of one of cricket history's most successful captain Steve Waugh. Tennis elbow then took its toll on Tendulkar, leaving him out of the side for the first two Tests when Australia toured India in 2004. He played a part in the face-saving Indian victory in Mumbai, though Australia had already taken the series 2-1, with the Second Test in Chennai drawn.

Sachin is an integral part of Think-Tank. He's often found discussing with the captain and involved in building strategies. Former Captain, Rahul Dravid publicly acknowledged that it was Sachin, who suggested to promote Irfan Pathan to #3. Pathan's swashbuckling batting did impress every one, but he was later removed from that position, as his bowling started to be less effective and he would need to concentrate more on his bowling.

On 10 December 2005, at Feroz Shah Kotla, he delighted fans with a record-breaking 35th Test century, against the Sri Lankans.

On 6 February 2006, Tendulkar scored his 39th ODI hundred, in a match against Pakistan. He followed with a run-a-ball 42 in the second ODI against Pakistan on February 11, 2006, and then a 95 in hostile, seaming conditions on 13 February 2006 in Lahore, which set up an Indian victory.

On 19 March 2006, after scoring an unconvincing 1 off 21 balls against England in the first innings of the third Test in his home ground, Wankhede, Tendulkar was booed off the ground by a section of the crowd,[13] the first time that he has ever faced such flak. While cheered on when he came for his second innings, Tendulkar, was the top scorer in the second innings[14] and yet was to end the three-Test series without a single half-century to his credit, and news of a shoulder operation raised more questions about his longevity.

Tendulkar was operated upon for his injured shoulder forcing him to skip the tour of West Indies in 2006.

On 23 May 2006, after deciding not to undergo a scheduled fitness test, he announced he would miss the tour of the Caribbean for the Test series. However, he agreed to play 5 games for Lashings World XI in order to regain fitness for a possible August comeback. He had scored 155, 147(retired), 98, 101(retired) & 105 in the 5 matches for Lashings XI with strike rate of well above 100 and was the top scorer in all the matches.

Also in his first Twenty20 match with international opposition, although unofficial, Tendulkar hit 50 not out off 21 deliveries to blast the International XI to 123 after 10 overs against the Pakistan XI.

However as of July 2006 The Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) announced that the longest-serving international cricketer has overcome his injury problem following a rehabilitation programme and is available for selection.

He then came for the DLF cup in Malaysia and became the only Indian batsman to shine. In his most recent comeback match, against West Indies on 14 September 2006, Tendulkar responded to his critics who believed that his career was inexorably sliding with his 40th ODI century. Though he scored 141*, West Indies won the rain-affected match by the D/L method.

In January 2007 Tendulkar scored a 76-ball century against the West Indies which makes it his 41st ODI century. He reached a hundred on the last ball of the Indian innings. Tendulkar now has 17 more ODI tons than Sanath Jayasuriya who is second on the list of ODI century-makers.[15]

At Cricket World Cup 2007 in the West Indies, Tendulkar and the Indian cricket team, led by Rahul Dravid had a dismal campaign. Tendulkar, who was pushed to bat lower down the order by the Coach Greg Chappel had scores of 7 (Bangladesh), 57* (Bermuda) and 0 (Sri Lanka). As a result, former Australian captain Ian Chappell, brother of former Indian coach Greg, called for Tendulkar to retire in his column for Mumbai's Mid Day newspaper[16]

In the subsequent series against Bangladesh, Sachin and Indian Team came back and Sachin was the man of the Series. He proved his class by scoring two consecutive scores of 90+ in the Series against South Africa, which was the second best ODI team[17] at that moment. He was the leading run scorer and was adjudged the Man of the Series. He was the leading run scorer in the Future Cup[18] with an average of 66

On the second day of Nottingham test (July 28, 2007) Sachin became the third cricketer to complete 11000 test runs.[19] In the subsequent One day series against England, Sachin was the leading run scorer from India[20] with an average of 53.42

In the ODI Series against Australia in October 2007 Tendulkar was the leading Indian run scorer with 278 runs. [21]

Wisden named Tendulkar one of the Cricketers of the Year in 1997, the first calendar year in which he scored 1,000 Test runs. He repeated the feat in 1999, 2001, and 2002. Tendulkar also holds the record for scoring 1,000 ODI runs in a calendar year. He has done it seven times - 1994, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2000 ,2003 and 2007. In 1998 he made 1,894 ODI runs, still the record for ODI runs by any batsman in any given calendar year. On 6 November 2007, Tendulkar refused Test captaincy due to "personal" reasons.[22] Sachin Tendulkar has got out 22 times between 90 and 100 in his international career. Recently he got out on 99 against Pakistan in an ODI on 8 Nov 2007 at Mohali to the bowling of Umar Gul caught by Kamran Akmal. After, he got out on 97 against Pakistan in an ODI on 15 Nov 2007 at Gwalior when he was bowled by Umar Gul. In the fourth ODI , he got out on 97 after dragging a delivery from Umar Gul on to his stumps , falling short of another century in ODIs in 2007.

Sachin Tendulkar has been dismissed seven times in 2007 between 90 and 100.

Bowling

While not a regular bowler, Tendulkar has taken 41 wickets in 137 Tests and 152 wickets in 388 ODIs. He can bowl medium-pace,leg spin and off-spin with equal ease. He often bowls when two batsmen have been batting together for a long period, and can often be a useful partnership breaker.

On more than one occasion,[23] he has had a strong influence on an Indian victory with his bowling. Notable among his bowling exploits are:

  • 5 wicket haul against Australia[24] at Kochi in the 1997–98 Series. Set 269 runs to win, Australia were cruising comfortably at 203/3 in the 31st over. Sachin turned the match for India taking wickets of Michael Bevan, Steve Waugh, Darren Lehmann, Tom Moody and Damien Martyn for just 32 runs in 10 overs.
  • Final over control against South Africa in 1993 Hero-cup semifinals. South Africa needed 6 runs to win the match in the final over. Sachin, bowling 3 dot balls in that over, conceded just 3 runs to help India win the match and reach the Finals of the tournament.[25]
  • Performance of 4/34 in 10 overs against West Indies[26] in Sharjah where the Windies were bowled out for 145.
  • He single handedly won the ICC 1998 quarterfinal at Dhaka to pave way for India's entry into the Semifinals, when he took 4 Australian wickets after scoring 141 runs in just 128 balls.
  • Tendulkar took three wickets on the final day of the famous Kolkata Test against Australia in 2001, which India won after following on, 274 runs behind on the first innings. Tendulkar took the key wickets of Matthew Hayden — who made a hundred in the previous Test at Mumbai and a double century in the next — and Adam Gilchrist, another centurion at Mumbai.
  • The googly that got Moin Khan's wicket during the first test match in Multan is still considered to be most memorable delivery bowled by Sachin in test matches.[citation needed]

Criticism

  • Kapil Dev became the biggest Indian Cricket Legend to question Sachin's ability to perform under pressure.[27] His criticism came after Sachin got out cheaply in both innings in what could be his last test match at Lords (July 19-23,2007[28]) . Tendulkar made a gritty 91, before he was wrongly given LBW, to help India earn a famous win in the very next Test.[29]
  • Despite his record of scoring the most Test centuries, none of Tendulkar's innings found a place in the Wisden 100, a statistics-based list released by Wisden in 2001 of the 100 "greatest Test batting performances". Wisden stated that most of his best performances had come in draws and defeats, and so received a much lower weighting as they did not contribute to a victory.[30]
  • His two tenures as captain of the Indian cricket team were not very successful. When Sachin took over as Captain in 1996, it was with huge hopes and expectations. However, by 1997 the team was performing poorly. Azharuddin was credited with saying "Nahin jeetega! Chote ki naseeb main jeet nahin hai!",[31] which translates into: "He won't win! It's not in the Shorty's destiny". During his second run, after constantly complaining that the national selectors weren't giving him the team he wanted, he resigned after a disastrous tour of Australia where India lost 0-3 in the Tests and managed to win only one of 8 ODIs. Incidentally, he was named Man of the Series for the Test matches.
  • Sachin was also allegedly criticized by erstwhile Indian coach Greg Chappell on his attitude.[32] As per the report, Chappell felt that Tendulkar would be more useful down the order, while the latter felt that he would be better off opening the innings which he has been doing for major portion of his career. Chappell also believed that Tendulkar's repeated failures were hurting the team's chances. In a rare show of emotion, Tendulkar hit out at the comments attributed to Chappell by pointing out that no coach has ever mentioned about his attitude being incorrect. On April 7, 2007, the Board of Control for Cricket in India issued a notice to Tendulkar asking for an explanation for his comments made to the media.[33]
  • Along with team mates VVS Laxman and Sourav Ganguly his form against the stronger Test nations has been, by his standards, poor since the Pakistan tour in early 2004. Excluding runs against Zimbabwe and Bangladesh his average over this period has been 31.19. Laxman and Ganguly have similarly averaged 32.19 and 29.40 respectively. [3]

Controversies

Sachin has been involved in controversies at various points in his career, including:

  • Ferrari Custom Duty Incident: In commemorating Sachin Tendulkar's feat of equalling Don Bradman's 29 centuries in Test Cricket, automotive giant Ferrari invited Sachin Tendulkar to its paddock in Silverstone on the eve of the British Grand Prix (23 July 2002) to receive a Ferrari 360 Modena from the legendary F1 racer Michael Schumacher.[34] On September 4, 2002 India's then finance minister Jaswant Singh wrote to Sachin telling him that the government will waive custom's duty imposed on the car as a measure to applaud his feat.[35] However the rules at the time stated that the customs duty can be waived only when receiving an automobile as a prize and not as a gift. It is claimed that the proposals to change the law (Customs Act) was put forth in Financial Bill in February 2003 and amended was passed as a law in May 2003. Subsequently the Ferrari was allowed to be brought to India without payment of the customs duty (Rs 1.13 Crores or 120% on the car value of Rs 75 Lakhs).[36] When the move to waive customs duty became public in July 2003, political and social activists protested the waiver[37] and filed PIL in the Delhi High Court. With the controversy snowballing, Sachin offered to pay the customs duty and the tab was finally picked up by Ferrari.[38] Tendulkar has been seen taking his Ferrari 360 Modena for late-night drives in Mumbai.
  • Ball Tampering Charges: Television cameras picked up images that suggested Sachin may have been involved in cleaning the seam of the cricket ball in the second test match between India and South Africa at St George's Park, Port Elizabeth.[39] This can, under some conditions, amount to altering the condition of the ball. The match referee Mike Denness precipitously found Sachin Tendulkar guilty of ball tampering charges and handed him a one Test match ban.[40] With Mike Denness taking action against 5 other Indian cricketers on various charges, the incident escalated to a larger issue and led to Mike Denness being barred from entering the venue of the third test match. After a thorough investigation, ICC revoked the official status of the match and the ban on Sachin Tendulkar was revoked. Sachin's ball tampering charges & Sehwag's ban for excessive appealing triggered a massive backlash from the Indian public that the real facts of the case was never reviewed and the matter put to rest appropriately.
  • Stranded on 194: In the first test match of India's historic tour of Pakistan in 2004 at Multan, the acting captain's (Rahul Dravid) decision to declare the innings with 16 overs remaining on Day 2 and when Sachin was still playing undefeated with a score of 194 ignited controversy. In meeting with the press that evening, Sachin Tendulkar responded to a question on missing 200 against Pakistan by stating that he was disappointed and that the declaration had taken him by surprise.[41] Reflecting his stature in Indian cricket & his penchant for avoiding issues, the nature of the statement and ex-cricketers debating the merits of the decision as a reflection on Tendulkar & Rahul's relationship fueled the controversy. The controversy was so huge that it completely overshadowed one of Indian cricket's landmark innings by a young Virender Sehwag - a score of 309 which is the highest ever by an Indian in Tests. Many former cricketers[42] commented[43] that Dravid's declaration was in bad taste. The media noted at the time that the decision had apparently been made by Sourav Ganguly,[44] and Ganguly himself later admitted that it had been a mistake.[45] The wording of the statement indicating that it had not been Dravid's call. The controversy was put to rest when Rahul Dravid, Sachin Tendulkar and the coach - John Wright spoke to the media after the team's victory and stated that the matter was spoken internally and put to rest.[46]

Records

Sachin Tendulkar's career performance graph.
Sachin Tendulkar's career performance graph.

Test Cricket

Game Appearances:

  • Tendulkar has played the most number of Test Matches for India (Kapil Dev is second with 131 Test appearances).

Runs Scored:

  • Became the first Indian to surpass the 11,000 Test run mark and the third International player behind Allan Border and Brian Lara. Lara took 213 innings, Sachin 223 and Border 259.
  • Highest run scoring Indian with 11,149 Test runs. 3rd highest tally of any player.
  • Tendulkar and Brian Lara are the fastest to score 10,000 runs in Test cricket history. Both of them achieved this in 195 innings.[50]
  • On 3 January 2007 Sachin Tendulkar (5751) edged past Brian Lara's (5736) world record of runs scored in Tests away from home. Tendulkar achieved this in 75 away Test matches while Lara had scored his runs in 66 away Tests.
  • Career Average 55.19 - the highest average among those who have scored over 10,000 Test runs.
  • Tendulkar has 4 seasons with 1000 or more runs - 2002 (1392 runs), 1999 (1088 runs), 2001 (1003 runs) and 1997 (1000 runs).[51] Gavaskar is the only other Indian with four seasons of 1000+ runs. Only Hayden and Lara have five seasons with 1000+ runs in International cricket.
  • Tendulkar is only the third batsman in the history of Test cricket to go past the 11,000-run tally (currently 11,150), after Brian Lara and Allan Border.

Centuries:

  • When Tendulkar scored his maiden century in 1990, he was the second youngest to score a century. Only Mushtaq Mohammad had scored a century at a younger age by 1990. Tendulkar's record was bettered by Mohammad Ashraful in 2001/02 season.[53] The record for previous youngest Indian centurion was held by Kapil Dev.
  • Tendulkar's record of five centuries before he turned 20 is a current world record.[53]
  • Tendulkar holds the current record (217 against NZ in 1999/00 Season) for the highest score in Test cricket by an Indian when captaining the side.[54] Gavaskar held the previous record (205 against West Indies in Bombay - 1978/79 season)
  • Tendulkar has scored centuries against all test playing nations.[52] He was the third batman to achieve the distinction after Steve Waugh and Gary Kirsten. The current list also includes Brian Lara, Ricky Ponting, Rahul Dravid, Jacques Kallis, Adam Gilchrist and Marvan Attapattu.
  • Sachin's 37th ton against Bangladesh during the 2007 series 2nd Test, made history as the 1st time the top four batsman of any team had all scored centuries in a single innings. Dinesh Karthik made 129, Wasim Jaffer 138 and Rahul Dravid 129 were the other centurions.

ODI

Highlights of Tendulkar's ODI career include:

Game Appearances:

  • Matches Played: 407 ( Most )
    • Consecutive ODI Appearances: 185[55]
    • Most Stadium Appearances: 90 different Grounds

Runs Scored:

  • Most Runs: 15,962 Runs at just over 44 runs per innings (as of 18 November 2007). He is the leading run scorer in the ODI format of the game and the only player ever to cross the 15,000 run mark.
  • First player to reach 10,000-11,000-12,000-13,000-14,000 and 15,000 ODI runs.
  • Holds the record for scoring 1,000 ODI runs in a calendar year. He has done it seven times - 1994, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2003 and 2007
  • Tendulkar has scored over 1000 ODI runs against all major Cricketing nations.

Centuries & Fifties Record:

  • Most centuries: 41
    • Only player to have over 100 innings of 50+ runs (41 Centuries and 87 Fifties)(as of 18th Nov, 2007)
    • Fifties: 87. Tendulkar holds the record for the most ODI fifties, Pakistan's Inzaman ul-Haq is second with 83 and Rahul Dravid is third with 81.[56]
  • Most centuries vs. Australia, South Africa, New Zealand, Sri Lanka and Zimbabwe.

ODI Awards:

Calendar Year Record:

  • Most ODI runs in a calendar year: 1,894 ODI runs in 1998.
  • Most Centuries in a calendar year: 9 ODI centuries in 1998

Partnership Records:

  • Sachin Tendulkar with Sourav Ganguly hold the world record for the maximum number of runs scored by the opening partnership. They have put together 6,271 runs in 128 matches that includes 20 century partnerships and 21 fifty run partnerships.[57] The 20 century partnerships for opening pair is also a world record.

World Cup

  • 523 runs in the 1996 Cricket World Cup at an average of 87.16, making him the highest run scorer in the 1996 World Cup and setting the then record for the highest runs by any player in a single Cricket World Cup - subsequently bettered by himself in the 2003 World Cup

Miscellaneous

  • Tendulkar was the first batsman in history to score over 50 centuries in international cricket. He has now scored 78 (37 in Tests, 41 in ODIs).
  • Has the most overall runs in cricket, (ODIs+Tests+Twenty20s), as of 30 June 2007 he had accumulated almost 26,000 runs overall.
  • Tendulkar was the first overseas cricketer to play for Yorkshire CCC in 1993, in more than 100 years of the club's history.
  • During India's 1999-2000 tour to Australia, he was declared out LBW after ducking against McGrath and being hit by bouncer that kept low by umpire Daryl Hair, which lead commentators to coin the term "shoulder before wicket".[60][61]

Achievements

Awards

Media Recognition

  • In August of 2003, Sachin Tendulkar was voted as the "Greatest Sportsman" of the country in the sport personalities category in the Best of India poll conducted by Zee News.[66]
  • In December 2006, he was named "Sports person of the Year" [68]

Test Match Awards

Man of Series Awards

# Series Season Series Performance
1 Border-Gavaskar Trophy (Australia in India Test Series) 1997/98 446 (3 Matches, 5 Innings, 2x100, 1x50); 13.2-1-48-1; 2 Catches
2 Border-Gavaskar Trophy (India in Australia Test Series) 1999/00 278 Runs (6 Innings, 1x100, 2x50); 9-0-46-1
3 England in India Test Series 2001/02 307 Runs (4 Innings, 1x100, 2x50); 17-3-50-1; 4 Catches
4 India in Bangladesh Test Series 2007 254 Runs (3 Innings, 2x100, 0x50); 6.3-1-35-2; 2 Catches

Man of the Match Awards

S No Opponent Venue Season Match Performance
1 England Old Trafford, Manchester 1990 1st Innings: 68 (8x4); 2 Catches

2nd Innings: 119 (17x4)

2 England Chepauk, Chennai 1992/93 1st Innings: 165 (24x4, 1x6); 2-1-5-0

2nd Innings: 2 Catches; 2-1-4-0

3 New Zealand Chepauk, Chennai 1995/96 1st Innings: 52 (5x4)
4 Australia Chepauk, Chennai 1997/98 1st Innings: 4 (1x4); 1 Catch

2nd Innings: 155 (14x4, 4x6)

5 Pakistan Chepauk, Chennai 1998/99 1st Innings: 0; 3-0-10-1

2nd Innings: 136 (18x4); 7-1-35-2

6 New Zealand Motera, Ahmedabad 1999/00 1st Innings: 217 (29x4)

2nd Innings: 15 (3x4); 5-2-19-0

7 Australia MCG, Melbourne 1999/00 1st Innings: 116 (9x4, 1x6)

2nd Innings: 52 (4x4)

8 South Africa Wankhede, Mumbai 1999/00 1st Innings: 97 (12x4, 2x6); 5-1-10-3

2nd Innings: 8 (2x4); 1-0-4-0

9 West Indies Eden Gardens, Kolkata 2002/03 1st Innings: 36 (7x4); 7-0-33-0

2nd Innings: 176 (26x4)

10 Australia SCG, Sydney 2003/04 1st Innings: 241 (33x4)

2nd Innings: 60 (5x4); 6-0-36-0; 1 Catch

ODI Awards

Tendulkar has won a record 14 Man of the Series(MoS) and 56 Man of the Match(MoM) awards in ODI Matches.[69] He has the distinction of having won MoM Award against all ICC Full Members (Test Playing Nations). UAE (2 Matches), Netherlands (1 Match) and Bermuda (1 match) are the only teams against whom he has not won a Man of the Match Award in ODI Cricket.

Man of the Match Awards — Sachin Tendulkar
# Opponent Total Home Away Neutral
1 Australia (47 Matches) 10 5 0 5
2 Bangladesh (10 Matches) 1 0 0 1
3 England (27 Matches) 2 0 1 1
4 New Zealand (38 Matches) 5 4 1 0
5 Pakistan (61 Matches) 6 1 1 5
6 South Africa (50 Matches) 4 3 1 0
7 Sri Lanka (65 Matches) 5 1 1 3
8 West Indies (38 Matches) 9 3 1 5
9 Zimbabwe (34 Matches) 8 0 4 4
10 Kenya (10 Matches) 4 2 0 2
11 Namibia (1 Matches) 1 0 0 1

Business Interests

Books

Sachin Tendulkar has been the subject of various books. The following is the listing of books focused on Tendulkar's career:

Sports Management Contract

Sachin Tendulkar was an early pioneer in India on cricket business dealings when he signed a then record sports management deal with Worldtel. His next 2 contracts are also record breaking for the pay-outs cementing his place as the highest earning Cricketer in the game.

  • 1995: Sports Management Firm - Worldtel. Term & Contract Value - 5 Year / Rs. 30 Crores[74]
  • 2001: Sports Management Firm - Worldtel. Term & Contract Value - 5 Year / Rs. 80 Crores[75]
  • 2006: Sports Management Firm - Saatchi and Saatchi's ICONIX. Term & Contract Value - - 3 Year / Rs 180 Crores[76]

Business Ventures

  • Restaurants: Sachin Tendulkar owns two restaurants, Tendulkar's[77] (Colaba, Mumbai) & Sachin's[78] (Mulund, Mumbai). Sachin owns these restaurants in partnership with Sanjay Narang of Mars Restaurants. He has also got a new restaurant in Bangalore called Sachin's
  • Fitness Product: Sachin Tendulkar announced a JV with the Fortune Group and Manipal Group to launch healthcare and sports fitness products under the brand name S Drive and Sach.[79]
  • Comic Strip: A series of comic books by Virgin Comics is due to be published featuring him as a superhero.[80]

Product and Brand Endorsments

Sachin Tendulkar endorses the following products:

Trivia

  • John Wright, who later became the coach of India, took the catch that prevented Tendulkar from becoming the youngest centurion in Test cricket.
  • Sachin had been out in 90's 23 times. (16 ODI and 7 Tests). If he could have converted all his 90's into 100's , he would have scored 100 international centuries.Currently hold the record with 78 (41 ODI's and 37 Tests.)
India
Personal information
Full name Sachin Ramesh Tendulkar
Nickname The Little Master
Born 24 April 1973 (1973-04-24)(age 34)

Bombay, India
Height 5 ft 5 in (1.65 m)
Role Batsman
Batting style Right-handed
Bowling style Right-arm leg break/off break/medium
International information
Test debut (cap 187) 15 November 1989: v Pakistan
Last Test 9 August 2007: v England
ODI debut (cap 74) 18 December 1989: v Pakistan
Last ODI 18 November 2007: v Pakistan
ODI shirt no. 10
Domestic team information
Years Team
1997–present Mumbai
1992 Yorkshire
1988–1996 Bombay
Career statistics

Tests ODIs FC LA
Matches 140 407 239 480
Runs scored 11150 15962 19894 18977
Batting average 54.92 44.37 59.38 45.29
100s/50s 37/45 41/87 63/91 52/101
Top score 248* 186* 248* 186*

Balls bowled 3718 7895 7077 10035
Wickets 42 154 67 199
Bowling average 50.83 43.71 60.05 41.57
5 wickets in innings 0 2 0 2
10 wickets in match 0 n/a 0 n/a
Best bowling 3/10 5/32 3/10 5/32
Catches/stumpings 93/– 116/– 160/– 151/–

As of 15 November 2007
Source: cricinfo.com


Source:wikipedia.org